One rule for the establishment, another for everyone else…
Owen Jones, The Guardian
Dominic Cumming’s statement in the Rose Garden
If you live in the UK it will have been hard to avoid the media coverage about Dominic Cummings’ trip to Durham just after the start of the Coronavirus lockdown.
What incensed many Brits further was his televised statement given on 25 May from the Rose Garden at 10 Downing St. Many were expecting an apology for flouting the strict lockdown rules, but instead heard a series of lukewarm excuses.
Suspicion about the writing style from the Financial Times
Then Allen Green at the Financial Times did a fascinating analysis of how the wording of the statement has been put together by a lawyer, giving at least three reasons for every action in case any assertion is later refuted.
That got me wondering: did Cummings write his statement or his lawyers?
Forensic stylometry analysis
I have tried to find this out using forensic stylometry, the science of identifying authors by their writing styles.
I had some code lying on my computer from an earlier experiment where I investigated whether JK Rowling really did write The Cuckoo’s Calling. I collected posts from Cummings’ blog and a few other famous people in the political or public sphere and I calculated the similarity between the writing styles. (Incidentally, if you manage to read one of the lengthy posts on his blog from start to finish I will be impressed.)
When I calculated the probability of Cummings being the author, the results were inconclusive. My model gave a probability of about 50% that he wrote his statement. He was a more likely author than any of my other candidates.
Who really did write it?
I think that the reality is somewhere in the middle. Cummings probably drafted the statement and his lawyers made it legally watertight. The stylometry analysis is indicating he most likely made at least some contribution. This would make it a collaborative effort.
If you have a set of documents and you’d like to determine authorship, or simply extract data from them, I’d be keen to hear from you. Just write a comment or send me a message.
Unfortunately the Burrows’ delta method of stylometry, which I used, tends to perform best on longer texts like books. There has been research into stylometry techniques that use deep learning and word vectors (Jasper et al), and which are capable of identifying authorship of short documents, however this is much harder to do that Burrows’ delta.
References
- Jasper et al, Authorship Verification on Short Text Samples Using Stylometric Embeddings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (2018)
- Evert et al, Towards a better understanding of Burrows’s Delta in literary authorship attribution, Proceedings of NAACL-HLT (2015)
English (UK)